Everything about Philip I Of Burgundy totally explained
Philip I of Burgundy, also
Philip II of Palatine Burgundy,
Philip II of Boulogne,
Philip III of Artois,
Philip III of Boulogne, nicknamed
Philip of Rouvres (
1346 –
November 21 1361) was
Duke of Burgundy from
1350 until his death. Philip was the only son of
Philip of Burgundy, heir to the
Duchy of Burgundy, and
Joanna,
countess of Auvergne and
Boulogne. He succeeded his grandfather when he was only three years old. His deceased father was the only child of Duke
Eudes IV and of
Jeanne III, Countess of Burgundy and
Artois.
Philip was the master of an important part of
Europe. In his own right, he held the counties of
Artois and
Burgundy from 1349 (inherited from his grandmother), the Duchy of Burgundy from 1350 (inherited from his grandfather) and the counties of
Auvergne and
Boulogne from 1360 (inherited from his mother). By his marriage with
Margaret of Dampierre,
Heiress of Flanders in
1357, he was promised the counties of
Flanders,
Nevers,
Rethel, and
Antwerp, and the duchies of
Brabant, and
Limburg. Most of these are in the
Low Countries.
In 1361 at the age of 15 Philip fell sick with the
plague and died before he could consummate his marriage to his second cousin Margaret. With his death, the direct descendants of all four of his grandparents also became extinct. Since there was no one heir to all his possessions, they were divided up once more amongst the families from which they'd descended to Philip: King
John II of France, grandson of Duke Robert II of Burgundy (Philip's great-grandfather), and also Philip's stepfather, inherited the Duchy of Burgundy as one of its most direct heirs;
Marguerite of France, daughter of Countess
Jeanne of Burgundy (Philip's great-grandmother), and grandmother of Philip's wife, inherited the Counties of Burgundy and Artois as its direct heiress; and John of Boulogne, son of Count Robert VII of Boulogne (Philip's great-grandfather), inherited Auvergne and Boulogne as the direct heir.
Of the lands held by Philip at his death, Auvergne and Boulogne wouldn't again be incorporated into the Burgundian realm, passing instead, through many vicissitudes, into the hands of the La Tour family and thus to
Catherine de' Medici. However, the rest of the lands were to be united once more, in 1384, by the death of
Louis II of Flanders.
Margaret, Dowager Countess of Flanders, Philip's grand-aunt, had inherited Artois and Franche-Comté (County Palatine of Burgundy) as the next heir: she was younger sister of Philip's paternal grandmother Joan Countess of Artois and Burgundy, both daughters of Joan of Chalon, Artois, and Burgundy, from her marriage with King
Philip V of France. She was grandmother of Philip's wife Margaret of Flanders, and later, in the
1380s, these counties were inherited by the younger Margaret who thus became possessor of some of the estates held by her first husband thirty years earlier.
The Duchy of Burgundy would have gone to Charles II of Navarre according to primogeniture, but went to John II of France according to
proximity of blood. Despite the attempts of King
Charles II of Navarre to overtake the Duchy of Burgundy, the settlement of the inheritance was peaceful. Later in
1364, John of France gave Burgundy to his son
Philip of Valois.
Charles II of Navarre was grandson and heir to Margaret of Burgundy, eldest daughter of Duke Robert II of Burgundy. John II of France was son and heir to Joan of Burgundy, second daughter of Duke Robert II of Burgundy. John was first cousin of Philip's father, for example a cousin once removed, whereas Charles was son of a first cousin of Philip's father, i.e a second cousin himself. Charles' mother Joan had died already 1349.
John's practical position was helped by his being the stepfather of the young duke, having been married to the widowed Joan of Auvergne, and having in that position already participated in administration of the Duchy. The King of Navarre was somewhat despised by many French, after his English alliances during the first decade of the
Hundred Years' War (
1337–
1453).
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